Author(s)

Zhe Zheng ¹, Bin Han ¹, Zichao Yu ¹, Zijun Deng ¹, Jing Wang ²

Affiliation(s)

¹ School of Physical Education and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321000, China
² Jinhua City Jindong District Xianqiao Primary School, Jinhua, 321000, China

Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT

Children are a rapid stage of growth and development in human life, and many objective factors affect the formation of children's correct posture. Children are a rapid stage of growth and development in human life, and many objective factors affect the formation of children's correct posture. Based on the information provided by these literatures, several topics worth exploring in the study of children's backpack load are summarized. This study analyzed the independent influence of children's age, gender, backpack weight and backpack mode on their body posture and the interactive influence of multiple factors, explored a reasonable backpack mode, and provided a theoretical basis for the design of more scientific children's backpack, with a view to guiding children's scientific backpack and reducing the occurrence of muscle discomfort and spinal deformity caused by poor body posture.

KEYWORDS

CITE THIS PAPER

Zhe Zheng, Bin Han, Zichao Yu, Zijun Deng, Jing Wang, Potential threat factors of abnormal body posture in children—a review of studies on backpack load. Social Medicine and Health Management (2024) Vol. 5: 152-158. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/socmhm.2024.050221.

REFERENCES

[1] Viola, S. and I. Andrassy, Spinal mobility and posture: changes during growth with postural defects, structural scoliosis and spinal osteochondrosis. Eur Spine J, 1995. 4(1): p. 29-33.
[2] Orantes-Gonzalez, E. and J. Heredia-Jimenez, Pulling a school trolley: A good kinematic option for children. Gait Posture, 2017. 53: p. 61-66.
[3] Connolly, B.H., et al., Effects of backpack carriage on gait parameters in children. Pediatr Phys Ther, 2008. 20(4): p. 347-355.
[4] Hong, Y. and C.K. Cheung, Gait and posture responses to backpack load during level walking in children. Gait Posture, 2003. 17(1): p. 28-33.
[5] Salminen, J.J., et al., Recurrent low back pain and early disc degeneration in the young. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999. 24(13): p. 1321.
[6] Chansirinukor, W., et al., Effects of backpacks on students: measurement of cervical and shoulder posture. Aust J Physiother, 2001. 47(2): p. 110-116.
[7] Raine, S. and L. Twomey, Posture of the head, shoulders and thoracic spine in comfortable erect standing. Aust J Physiother, 1994. 40(1): p. 25-32.
[8] Mosaad, D.M. and A.A. Abdel-Aziem, Backpack carriage effect on head posture and ground reaction forces in school children. Work, 2015. 52(1): p. 203-209.
[9] Qu, X. and J.C. Yeo, Effects of load carriage and fatigue on gait characteristics. J Biomech, 2011. 44(7): p. 1259.
[10] Brackley, H.M., J.M. Stevenson and J.C. Selinger, Effect of backpack load placement on posture and spinal curvature in prepubescent children. Work, 2009. 32(3): p. 351-360.
[11] Cheung, C.H., et al., The correlation between craniovertebral angle, backpack weights, and disability due to neck pain in adolescents. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2009. 22(4): p. 197-203.
[12] Vaghela, N.P., et al., Effect of backpack loading on cervical and sagittal shoulder posture in standing and after dynamic activity in school going children. J Family Med Prim Care, 2019. 8(3): p. 1076-1081.
[13] Shen Cuimei, Zhu Houwei and Zheng Zhe, the effect of schoolbag weight on pupils' body posture. Journal of Zhejiang Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2020. 43(01): 100-106.
[14] Chen, Y.L. and Y.C. Mu, Effects of backpack load and position on body strains in male schoolchildren while walking. PLoS One, 2018. 13(3): p. e0193648.
[15] Granata, K.P., K.F. Orishimo and A.H. Sanford, Trunk muscle coactivation in preparation for sudden load. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2001. 11(4): p. 247-254.
[16] Kingma, I., D. Staudenmann and J.H. van Dieen, Trunk muscle activation and associated lumbar spine joint shear forces under different levels of external forward force applied to the trunk. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2007. 17(1): p. 14-24.
[17] Kim, K., C.J. Kim and D.W. Oh, Effect of backpack position on foot weight distribution of school-aged children. J Phys Ther Sci, 2015. 27(3): p. 747-749.
[18]  Zhu Houwei et al., Effects of backpack weight and backpack style on children's body posture. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 2019. 38(08): 658-668.
[19] Grimmer, K., et al., Adolescent standing postural response to backpack loads: a randomised controlled experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2002. 3: p. 10.
[20] Paez-Moguer, J., et al., Variation of spatiotemporal parameters in school children carrying different backpack loads: a cross sectional study. Sci Rep, 2019. 9(1): p. 12192.
[21] Barbosa, J.P., et al., Effects of Backpacks on Ground Reaction Forces in Children of Different Ages When Walking, Running, and Jumping. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019. 16(24).
[22] Negrini, S. and A. Negrini, Postural effects of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads on the spines of schoolchildren. Scoliosis, 2007. 2: p. 8.
[23] Politti, F., et al., Effect of the Usual Weight of a Backpack on Body Sway during Quiet Standing. Journal of physical therapy science, 2012. 24(11): p. 1079-1082.
[24] Ahmad, H.N. and T.M. Barbosa, The effects of backpack carriage on gait kinematics and kinetics of schoolchildren. Sci Rep, 2019. 9(1): p. 3364.
[25] Pau, M., et al., Short-term effects of backpack carriage on plantar pressure and gait in schoolchildren. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 2015. 25(2): p. 406-412.
[26] Stuempfle, K.J., D.G. Drury and A.L. Wilson, Effect of load position on physiological and perceptual responses during load carriage with an internal frame backpack. Ergonomics, 2004. 47(7): p. 784-789.
[27] Chow, D.H., et al., The effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls. Ergonomics, 2005. 48(6): p. 642-656.
[28] Grimmer, K. and M. Williams, Gender-age environmental associates of adolescent low back pain. Appl Ergon, 2000. 31(4): p. 343.
[29] Korovessis, P., T. Repantis and A. Baikousis, Factors affecting low back pain in adolescents. J Spinal Disord Tech, 2010. 23(8): p. 513-520.
[30] Kohl, H.W., III, et al., Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. 2013, Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
[31] Mackenzie, W.G., et al., Backpacks in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2003(409): p. 78-84.
[32] Adeyemi, A.J., J.M. Rohani and M. Abdul Rani, Back pain arising from schoolbag usage among primary schoolchildren. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2014. 44(4): p. 590-600.

Sponsors, Associates, and Links

• Information Systems and Economics
  
  
• Accounting, Auditing and Finance
  
  
• Industrial Engineering and Innovation Management
  
  
• Tourism Management and Technology Economy
  
  
• Journal of Computational and Financial Econometrics
  
  
• Financial Engineering and Risk Management
  
  
• Accounting and Corporate Management
  
  
• Social Security and Administration Management
  
  
• Population, Resources & Environmental Economics
  
  
• Statistics & Quantitative Economics
  
  
• Agricultural & Forestry Economics and Management
  
  
• Land Resource Management
  
  
• Information, Library and Archival Science
  
  
• Journal of Human Resource Development
  
  
• Manufacturing and Service Operations Management
  
  
• Operational Research and Cybernetics